Hermetic
Chapter of Spiritual Knights or Seekers of Wisdom
Ritual
of Reception into the Degree of a Spiritual Knight
n.d.
Seven General Rules
These must be
read and signed by ALL aspirants prior to being introduced
into the Chamber of Preparation and promise on oath strictly
to fulfil.
I.
A diligent exercise in the
fear of god and a strict observance of the commands of the
Gospel.
II.
An unshaken fidelity and
obedience to one’s Sovereign, coupled with the especial duty of
protecting his/her throne, not only according to the general
oath of every loyal subject, but also striving with all one’s
strength to invent and apply all good and reasonable means for
this purpose; and in this manner trying to avert and prevent
everything contrary to the throne whether it be secret or open,
particularly in the present times of hellish revolt and
agitation against sovereign powers.
III.
A careful and faithful
observance of Rules and Rituals of one’s Religion.
IV.
A perfect obedience to all
authorities appointed by the government and an exemplary
observance of the laws of the Realm.
V.
Jointly and individually
to combat with all one’s strength the tempestuous and pernicious
system of imaginary liberty and equality, and endeavour to
eradicate this system by every appropriate method of intelligent
action.
VI.
To endeavour to spread
generally good customs, both by word and deed, and works of
wisdom, according to one’s strength and capacity.
VII.
Should the Sovereign
decide, for reasons of his/her own, and in spite of all these
legitimate intentions of Knight Seekers of Wisdom, to prohibit
their meetings, such order to be obeyed without demur, and not
in any way to be broken.
Preparation
In the Chamber
of Preparation are place 3 tables;
Table 1
Covered with
black cloth.
Bible opened
at 6th or 7th Chapter of Wisdom of Solomon.
Emblem of
Seeker of Wisdom, (cross in a gold heart, hanging from a red
cord with 5 knots).
Naked sword.
Taper.
Skull.
Lit candle.
Vessel with
water.
Small plate
with the following in gold letters, (“Know yourself, seek
felicity which is within you”).
Table 2
Covered in
white cloth.
4 unlit
candles.
Blazing star
with “G” in the centre.
Gold writing,
(“Blessed are those who hear in their hearts a loud
proclamation of the Word of God and who see the revelations of
the Divine light of Nature”).
White apron
with black edging.
Table 3
Covered in
yellow cloth.
Ewer
containing water.
Pair of white
gloves.
Masters golden
trowel.
N.B. If there
is enough room each table should stand in a separate apartment
in which the discourses and instructions to the candidate are
given in proper order.
Opening of the Chapter
Brother
Knights being assembled in the Chapter Room
Pr Bro: Brother
Knights, what is the hour?
Conductor: It is night
among the profane, but the sun is at its meridian in this
hermetic Chapter.
Pr Bro: Explain that
paradox.
Conductor: The true
philosophy, of which the sun is a symbol, is the source by which
the wise man may regulate all his actions.
Pr Bro: Let us
therefore profit by the light of that supreme star; let us
search the recesses of our hearts to find there the principles
which the Eternal engraved in them at our creation and let us
serve that precious treasure of Wisdom, through which alone we
may arrive at our perfection.
Pr Bro: Brother
Knights, I have called you together to aid a Brother in his
search for Wisdom, for which purpose I declare this Chapter open
in the Degree of Spiritual Knight.
When
instructed by the Pr Bro, the Conductor leaves the Chapter
Room.
Introduction of the
Candidate to the Chamber of Preparation
At the time
appointed the conductor leads the candidate, deprived of his
sword and hat, with eyes bandaged, into the Chamber of
Preparation. Candidate’s sword is placed on the 1st table
within the Preparation Chamber. A cloak of dark colour is
placed over the candidate’s shoulders. On the left side of
this cloak is represented a heart entwined by a serpent, and
in the centre of the heart is a semblance of a small light,
the rest being obscured by darkness: the lining of the cloak
is also dark. The candidate’s eyes are then unbandaged and he
advances to the first table.
Conductor: You will
remain in quiet meditation in order to fathom your inner self as
deeply as you can. Happy will you be Brother if you begin to
feel vividly within you the obscurity of ignorance and the
abomination of vice and hate. This feeling will be your
salvation and may in the same hour, even in the same instance,
disclose the spiritual way of approaching the Source of Light
which lies within ourselves and is near to those who truly seek
it.
You will reflect upon the
objects which now lie before you, lays the
Candidate's hand upon the sword, the love
that rules in the East sends power propitious for the birth of
desire for Light of Wisdom and strength to overcome the
obstacles which bar the way to this light.
After
these words the Conductor leaves the Candidate to himself and
returns to the Chapter Room.
Pr Bro to
Cond: Go, in the
name of Wisdom, to the Brother who seeks, and most carefully
examine him according to our instructions.
As soon as
the Bro Conductor has left, the Pr Bro addresses the whole
assembly as follows;
Pr Bro: Dear Brethren,
in our innermost hearts let us wish good success to our
Examining Brother, and unite in a spiritual prayer that Wisdom
herself may enlighten and accompany him on the path of his
important mission. May Wisdom herself kindle in the heart of the
Seeker a true and real desire to seek Her and may she help him
on his difficult journey!
These feelings should
animate us all, especially now when the Seeker is being tried on
his journey.
After
these words, the whole assembly remains in a profound, calm
and reverent, silence, which must also be the case during
every discourse between the Conductor and the Candidate.
First Discourse
The Bro
Conductor comes to the Seeker and asks:
Conductor: Do you feel
that, although darkness surrounds you, there is still a small
light shining, which in spite of its Feebleness, lights up the
whole of the visible space?
Candidate: I do.
Conductor: Do you believe
that light is concealed in darkness, as the immortal in the
mortal?
Candidate: I do.
Conductor: Do you believe
that light may be revealed in darkness and the imperishable born
in the perishable?
Candidate: I do.
Conductor: Every birth is
accompanied by disease, corruption and destruction, illustrating
all this by examples of nature.
Conductor: Do you truly
desire to seek Wisdom?
Candidate: I do.
Conductor: Where do you
hope to find Her?
Candidate
answers in own words.
Conductor: I must inform
you that you will be met with many difficulties in your quest
for Wisdom, whom the world considers turbulent and whose
Benefactions are mistaken for evi1. You will be exposed to
contempt, abuse and persecution, and maybe even disposed of your
temporal life! In spite of all this, are you prepared to bear
willingly all the trials you may encounter?
Candidate: I am.
Conductor: I demand that
you prove your decision to liberate yourself from the hateful
darkness which enshrouds you, and in token of your sincerity and
trust confess your dominating passion and any doubt with respect
to the Teachings of the Wise.
Candidate: I do.
Conductor: I now properly
and accordingly instruct you in the subject of your errors and
place on you this emblem of a Knight Seeker of Wisdom places emblem
around his neck, and leave you
to meditate further on your undertaking. The 5 knots in the cord
which I have placed on you denote your 5 senses which are to be
disciplined by obedience to the Teachings of Wisdom. I
particularly commend meekness which virtue is essential in all
Seekers of Wisdom.
Bro Conductor
enters the Chapter Room.
Conductor: Pr Bro, I have
conferred the first discourse on the Candidate and he is
desirous of Seeking Wisdom.
Pr Bro: Go, examine
the Seeker for the second time and, if he is still determined to
continue courageously his course, may he receive from the East
the strengthening power and may the Great Light be revealed to
him.
Second Discourse
The
Conductor returns to the Seeker and questions him again
Conductor: Have you
meditated upon the difficulties on the path you have entered and
do you still firm desire to pursue it?
Candidate: I have.
The
Conductor picks up the sword from the table and hands it to
the Candidate.
Conductor: To those who
desire the Light and fight bravely against darkness, a peculiar
power always proceeds from the East and fortifies them on their
way to great deeds of salvation.
The
Conductor then bids the Candidate to bathe his eyes using the
water from the vessel there standing. The Conductor then
lights the taper and hands it to the Seeker.
Conductor: In those who
are zealously and constantly seeking Wisdom, she lights a Taper
which illuminates the path leading to her. This light must
brighten and become greater. But it is particularly needful to
guard it from the pernicious winds of the evil darkness which
will the stronger rush against this Light the brighter it
shines.
The
Conductor leads the Candidate to the second table and puts on
him the apron, then bids him to take off his shoes, and, with
the taper he is holding light the 4 candles standing on the
table.
When this
has been done and due notice has been taken by the Candidate
of the objects before him.
Conductor: Worthy
Brother, what you see before you is already an image of the
great reward bestowed by the Love of Wisdom on all those who
seek her light with pure intentions. But, dear Brother, to reach
this goal it is needful to overcome great difficulties and to
submit to severe tests. Are you prepared to face severe tests
encountered on the path now chosen by you?
Candidate: I am.
Conductor: To test true
lovers of Wisdom, whether they desire her light only for their
own benefit or for her service, and whether they will remain
faithful to this service, not only in the days of sweet
enjoyment, but also in the time of comfortless suffering in
misfortunes, brought upon the Lovers of Wisdom by the fury of
the darkness; to test them, I say. Wisdom, after having already
illumined them and revealed many of her beauties and riches,
suddenly withdraws her light and deprives them of all these
objects of delight! This will be symbolically presented to you
now.
The
Candidate is then again blindfolded, the burning candles are
extinguished, the taper is taken from him and put on a chair
nearby; only the sword still remains in his hands. The
Conductor continues:
Conductor: Wisdom
conceals her Light in order to test her Lovers, but she does not
deprive them of strength to withstand faithfully the most cruel
trials. In the trying state of blindness, one must heed despair
as the greatest temptation which can precipitate one into the
abyss of darkness. A passive and resigned obedience to the holy
rules of Wisdom is the firmest support in this state of
blindness which may be the forerunner of a Great Light.
I am moved to tell you
this truth by the Spirit of Brotherly Love; this spirit animates
in the highest degree all wise Masters of Freemasons, and
nothing grieves them more than the plight of their Brethren
imprisoned by darkness. And this constitutes the greatest,
perhaps the only, suffering of those wise men who, though
already in the serene abode of Heaven's beatitude, are still
ready to perish gladly for the salvation of their Brethren.
Believe me, this Brotherly Spirit reigning in hearts united by
Love, and ever ready to assist, may prove helpful also on your
journey.
The Conductor
then leaves the Candidate and returns to the Chapter to report
on the candidate’s state and the whole discourse with him, but
only to the Presiding Brother.
The conductor
whispers to the Presiding Brother.
Conductor: The candidate
has given a frank confession of his vice and doubt and is still
worthy of Seeking Wisdom.
Pr Bro: Go, for the
third and last time to try the Seeker. If the desire to see the
Light has not been extinguished in his heart and, what is
particularly important, if he hopes to obtain it, not because of
imaginary privileges conferred by the trials of his journey, but
because of Grace only, proceeding from Wisdom, - then may the
Light again be revealed to him so that he may attain to the
greater Light, even to the Light illuminating the place of
labour.
Third Discourse
The conductor
returns to the Candidate and examines him as instructed.
The Candidate
is divested of the cloak and a new one is put on him; the left
side of this cloak is all white, on the proper place a
purified heart is represented bleeding and surrounded by rays
of light; the other side of the cloak is dark, but slightly
besprinkled with the blood streaming from the heart. The
lining of the cloak is white, but a little of the dark shows
on the edges. All the candles are lighted, the taper is given
back to the candidate, and his eyes are unbandaged.
Conductor: The Lover of
Wisdom, who has remained faithful to her during the hard trial
of darkness, receives from this Loving Wisdom twice as much
enlightenment as he has enjoyed before, and not only is it given
to him to enjoy it for ever, but also to attain to the full
brilliance of her Light.
The
Conductor brings the Candidate to the third table, washes the
Candidate's hands and explains:
Conductor: In the Temple
of Wisdom an indescribably beautiful and priceless treasure is
kept; this treasure which gladdens and rewards her secret
friends, is so pure that it may not be touched by anything
impure; therefore, this has been done to you. In remembrance of
this, continue, Brother always to wear in our assemblies the
apron and white gloves.
The Seeker
puts on the gloves. The Conductor presents him with the trowel
and says:
Conductor: Wise men use
their working tools only for the glory of the Source of all
goodness, and for the careful fulfilment of its Will.
The Candidate
fastens the trowel to his apron and is then conducted to the
Chapter.
The Reception
The conductor
accompanied by the Candidate approaches the door of the
Chapter Room and gives one knock.
Pr Bro: Bro Director
of Ceremonies see who is there.
Director of
Ceremonies gives a knock and slightly opens the door to see
who is there. He then closes the door and reports to the
Presiding brother.
DoC: One who has
been tried, cleansed, adorned with the sign of the Chosen and
wounded in a good cause, and who desires Wisdom.
Pr Bro: To such a one
admission cannot and must not be denied.
The doors
of the Chapter are now opened, and the Conductor leads the
aspirant, who is carrying in one hand the sword and in the
other the burning taper, directly to the carpet, where the
Presiding Brother addresses him.
Pr Bro: With caution
begin your labours. Do you desire, dear Brother to pursue
together with us your search for Wisdom?
Candidate: I do.
Pr Bro: Now promise to
endeavour with all your capability and strength: - First, to
pray God to give you Wisdom to serve and to worship Him, in
spirit and in truth.
For God is a Spirit, and
they that worship Him must worship him in spirit and in truth. (John
IV., 24)
Pr Bro: Secondly, to
guard your body and soul against corruption and diligently to
avoid everything that may prevent the descent of the Spirit of
Wisdom.
For Wisdom will not enter
into a soul that deviseth evil, nor dwell in a body that is held
in pledge by sin.
(Wisdom of Solomon, Ch.1, V.4)
Pr Bro: Thirdly, to
love your neighbour and to serve him by wish, thought, word,
deed, and example.
For we have known and
believed the love that God hath to us. God is Love; and he that
dwelleth in love dwelleth in God, and God in him. (1 John, IV.,16)
Pr Bro: Consider this
and then reply.
Candidate: I promise.
Pr Bro: Dear Brother,
to fulfil all these obligations, endeavour to obtain power from
the Source of Wisdom you seek.
Ask and it shall be given
unto you, knock and it shall be opened.
Pr. Bro: Without that
power, the burning desire to direct our path to the East cannot
even be born
within us, and victory over the World, its Prophets and the
hellish source of Evil cannot be achieved. The warrior, who
struggles against Evil and seeks after Wisdom, must needs feel
the tormenting power of the Darkness which imprisons him, and
his own weakness; for his deliverance he must place himself in
the hands of the All Powerful One with such inner and deep
devotion as to become as nothing.
Pr Bro: And when he is
thus ready to receive the illuminating Word, the Spirit of
Wisdom will descend on him and the Power of its Source will
bless him. Conceived through the Spirit and born from Wisdom, he
surrenders himself entirely to his Mother and, like a babe,
sucks her purest Milk of Light.
After some
silence, Enter, O Seeker, the scene
of your labours.
The
Seeker, who during the preparation has exchanged his shoes for
slippers, now takes them off. The Conductor brings him to the
terrestrial globe depicted on the carpet.
Conductor:
Visita
interiora terrae, rectificando invenies occultum lapidem.
Examine that which is considered in the earth, and you shall
find the mysterious stone, the real medicine.
The Presiding
Brother remains in silence for a few moments.
Pr Bro: You are now in
a place of toil and in token of your obedience, confidence and
particularly as a sign of your love of Wisdom for herself alone
and not for the riches she may bestow, I now cask you to
sacrifice the fruits of your labours.
The
aspirant hands the Conductor some gold, (which is later
returned to him), and a small bottle filled with some clear
fluid.
Pr Bro: Matter,
however precious, even including all the treasures of earth,
must not be, and is not, the aim of real Masons. But it is
requisite to search for the Mirror of Wisdom in which we may see
the brightest Countenance of Her Invisible Source, Its Divine
Action and the revelation of Its Holy Will; only in the
fulfilment of this Will do wise men acquire beatitude, bliss and
riches.
But if riches are a
desired possession in life, what is richer than wisdom, which
worketh all things? (Wisdom
of
Solomon, Ch. V111, V.5)
Lover of Wisdom born from
her, tried in fidelity and obedience, endeavouring to know
creation, lovingly to contemplate in it the Creator, Adorer of
Wisdom for herself alone.
For length of days is in
her right hand; and in her left hand riches and honour. (Proverbs
III, 16).
Only such a Lover of
Wisdom can enter the true Lodge. (silence).
Pr Bro: Blessed is the
Spiritual Youth who grows in the inner life of Wisdom and from
his very childhood preserves the love towards the Divine Source
of his birth and keeps intact the Oil of the Spiritual
Anointment for the virginal nuptials with Wisdom. Blessed is the
Love of Wisdom, illumined by her, who has not succumbed to the
temptations of darkness and has not scattered the life-bearing
seeds of the Divine Illumination on barren ground.
Even if the Light of
Illumination is for a time hidden -from him as from one not yet
perfectly tried in fidelity, it is not in order to plunge him
into darkness with no means of escape, but only a cloud is
passing over him and thus covering the Light of Wisdom from her
innocent Lover who has to be tried in constant faithfulness
before and after the marriage. And after he has remained firm in
such a cruel trial, the same Light appears in the full glory of
its brilliance and gives him power to become a man perfect in
spirit; then a fiery baptism destroys his old garments, and new
ones of purity and innocence are given him; he espouses in
spiritual nuptials the Heavenly Virgin, completes the Great
Work, and children of Wisdom are born; he then blissfully enters
as a priest into the Holy of Holies to fulfil the mystery of the
sacrifice of restoration, the sacrifice which has been made by
the High Priest Himself; as a near friend and confidant of
Wisdom, he continues his labours in sowing the seeds of life and
tillinq the mysterious fields of Her Kingdom, the secrets of
which are revealed to him.
My Brother, approach the
Altar of Offerings.
When the
Aspirant approaches the altar the Presiding brother commands
another Brother near him to read clearly from the book of the
Wisdom of Solomon, 7th chapter, verses 7-22.
Brother: For this cause
I prayed, and understanding was given unto me; I called upon
God, and there came to me a spirit of wisdom.
I preferred her before
sceptres and thrones, and riches I esteemed nothing in
comparison of her.
Neither did I liken her to
her any priceless gem, because all the gold of the earth in her
presence is a little sand, and silver shall be accounted as clay
before her.
Above health and
comeliness I loved her, and I chose to have her rather than
light, because her bright shining is never laid to sleep.
But with her there came to
me all good things together, and in her hands innumerable
riches: and I rejoiced over them all because wisdom leadeth
them; though I knew not that she was the mother of them.
As I learned without
guile, I impart without grudging; I do not hide her riches. For
she is unto men a treasure that faileth not, and they that use
it obtain friendship with God, commended to him by the gifts
which they through discipline present to him.
But to me may God give to
speak with judgement, and to conceive thoughts worthy of what
hath been given me; because himself is one that guideth even
wisdom and that correcteth the wise. For in his hand are both we
and our words; all understanding, and all an acquaintance with
crafts.
For himself gave me an
unerring knowledge of the things that are to know the
constitution of the world, and the operation of the elements;
the beginning and end and middle of times, the alternations of
the solstices and the changes of seasons, the circuits of years
and the positions of stars; the natures of living creatures and
the ragings of wild beasts, the violences of winds and the
thoughts of men, the diversities of plants and the virtues of
roots; all things that are either secret or manifest I learned,
for she that is the artificer of all things taught me, even
wisdom. (Wisdom
of Solomon, Ch.VII, V.7-22).
Pr Bro: Only those who
have attained Wisdom can know the mysteries of Her Temple and it
behoves us to learn in parables. Come, my Brother, to receive
the Sign of Victory and see the Image of Liberty.
The aspirant
is conducted to the Presiding brother who puts on his finger a
gold ring. (An ordinary ring, but with a cross and the
inscription “Remember Death” engraved inside. He who receives
it must wear it always).
The cross is
now taken from the aspirant by the Presiding Brother.
Pr Bro: When one has
been liberated, this burden is no longer necessary. Wear
instead, dear Brother, this emblem on the rosy ribbon gives him
a jewel similar to the one which had been taken from him but
with a rosy ribbon in
remembrance of the greatest Warrior and Divine Teacher, Who by
His burning torments prepared restitution, enlightenment, and
endless bliss for all creation; this Great Work was accomplished
by Him on the instrument of suffering represented by this jewel;
thus, dear Brother, this emblem has become more precious than
pure gold and more beautiful than lilies of paradise.
Brethren, may this saving
mystery of the Cross be always dear to us, although the world
believes and understands it not; yet in this mystery all Wisdom
and bliss are to be found: the performance of the Great Work and
the restitution of the microcosm are but its image.
All Brethren: Glory be in
all truth to the fulfilled mystery of salvation.
Pr Bro: Blessed are
those who follow the Wisdom Incarnate. He was in the world and
by Him was the world, but He was not by it recognized.
Blessed are those who are
spiritually matured in this Wisdom!
Blessed is the virtuous
Knight of Light who completes a good work, having to the end
preserved his fidelity to the Truth.
Thrice blessed is the Wise
Master and Priest of Wisdom who for ever remains in the Holy of
Holies of the Temple of Grace and Nature; who becomes himself a
living Temple of Wisdom and thus masters his Self and all
Nature.
Great is the rest prepared
for such a one after his labours in the land of establishment!
When the life- giving power, which animated the circle
determined for him, is exhausted, when all knots and even the
finest invisible threads are severed which bound him to the land
of trials and labours, - he enters the pre-eternal Kingdom of
unbroken peace and enjoyment, proceeding from the boundless and
inexhaustible Source of Purity and bliss.
The Flame of this
Spiritual Star, after having shed its light in the dark land of
error, flies back again to its source; thus the chosen vessel of
Wisdom, transfigured into pure Light, ascends to its Source to
be united in the centre with the brightest Sun of the purest
Light.
The Presiding
Brother takes from the Accepted one the taper he is holding,
extinguishes it and continues.
Pr Bro: The one who is
co-essential to this Divine Sun, lives, moves, feeds, and
clothes in its Light!!! This is the reward and rest promised to
the Wise One.
Here the
Presiding Brother takes from the Accepted One the sword.
Pr Bro: Weapons are
not needful to those who enter the Cloister of Peace and
Quietness where no foe can approach. Be seated, my Brother, in
the place which represents that solemn rest.
The Accepted
One is divested of his cloak and then robed by the Presiding
Brother, after which he is placed on a seat on his right. Now
the Presiding Brother gives a new name to the Accepted Knight.
Pr Bro: During your
trials you have acquired a new name and are now called Knight
N.N.
Pr Bro: The true
Knight of Wisdom and Virtue, who has, during his temporal life,
courageously fulfilled the task of restitution and gloriously
conquered Evil, is thereby transferred to the Kingdom of eternal
joy, bliss and peace where all toil and labour cease, but the
stream of life never ends, but flows into eternity.
And this incomprehensible
stream is flowing into the boundless Ocean of Light and Wisdom,
driven by the Divine movement and incessantly rejuvenated into
sparkling brightness.
Brethren, thus thrice
blessed are those who faithfully toil in the Temple of Wisdom,
completing the Great Work of restitution, and preparing the
Supper of the Kingdom of Grace.
They will partake of this
Supper and of the joyful Beverage of new grapes.
And no corruption will
reach those who have toiled in that vineyard.
But what will become of
the Elements? Skies will perish, like an old garment, earth will
be worn out, until Wisdom transforms all anew.
A purifying fire will
destroy the sting of perishable elements, new heaven and new
earth will appear, and elements will be reborn imperishable into
the bright transparency and purity of Paradise.
The Sun of Restitution
will rise, never to set; that Sun, which since the Incorporation
of Wisdom has been mysteriously accomplishing the Great Work.
Immortality will reign
everywhere, creation will rejoice in its liberation from
corruption and will happily sing the liberty of the Children of
Wisdom, bright in the glory of the golden new garments of their
immortal spiritual bodies.
Every breath will praise
the fulfilment or the saving mystery of the Cross, raised by
Wisdom to the Throne of the Fatherly Glory, and crowned by the
shining glory of Victory.
Those who have suffered
with Wisdom, will with her be glorified, they will enjoy her
Divine Triumph in the Cloister of Light and Bliss where saints
and pure spirits sing the glory of the Thrice Holy; they will
join their chorus, and all will become One Voice and One Eye in
praise and contemplation of created and uncreated Wonders and
Beauties!
Pr Bro: The sign of
this degree- place your arms across your breast.
The token is given in the
form of three kisses and mutual embrace.
The password is Philia
Sophos.
The word of the degree is
communicated in both ears, half in one and half in the other.
VIT – RIOL.
The Presiding
Brother welcomes the new Knight and invites him to take a
seat. Then closes the Chapter.
Closing
Pr Bro: Brother
Knights, assist me to close this Chapter.
Let us return among men
and try, by our example, to inspire them with the practice of
those virtues which are the obligations of true philosophers.
In the name of Truth and Wisdom, I declare this I. V. Lopuhin
Chapter of Spiritual Knights of Scotland duly closed.